Chemistry

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons (Atoms)

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/3-atoms.htm

Electron - Orbits the shells, they are tiny, very light particles which have a negative electrical charge.

Proton - This forms alongside Neutron the centre of the atom, they are much heavier and larger than electrons, and have the opposite charge.

Neutrons - Again in the centre of the atom, they are heavy like protons, however neutrons have no electrical charge.

Atoms - An 'atom' is the smallest part of an element that can exist on its own, atoms are so tiny that there are more atoms in a full stop than there are people in the world. It is now possible to see individual atoms by usig the most modern and powerful microscopes. However, nobody has yet seen inside an atom. 

Properties of protons, neutrons and electrons -

particle              relative mass             relative charge
proton, p                   1                         1+
neutron, n                   1                         0
electron, e                 1/1840                    1-

Example....

 

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_isotopes.html
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/isotope

Isotopes -  


Any two or more species of the atom, of a chemical element, with the same atomic number and nearly identical chemical behaviour, but with differing atomic mass or mass number and different physical properties.


In each atom of an element, the number of protons in the nucleus is fixed. However, most elements contain atoms with different numbers of neutrons. These atoms are called isotopes, also explained in the first paragraph.

Carbon Isotopes-

isotope    atomic number   mass number protons neutrons electrons
12/6 C          6              12          6      6        6
13/6 C          6              13          6      7        6
14/6 C          6              14          6      8        6 

Periodic Table: